Foreign Languages
Nahid Akbarzadeh; Janolah Karimi Motahhar
Abstract
The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were the time for the formation of new schools of art in Europe. The rise of realism was the result of fundamental changes in the understanding of the world and a fundamental revision of the relationship between man and the world. In post-labor Europe, ...
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The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were the time for the formation of new schools of art in Europe. The rise of realism was the result of fundamental changes in the understanding of the world and a fundamental revision of the relationship between man and the world. In post-labor Europe, the approach of writers and poets, previously based on reason (classics) or on individual fantasies (romantics), changes dramatically and the individual's confrontation with his surroundings became the main subject of this literary school. Realism portrayed the collective feelings and realities around it. This literary school was divided into different branches, including magical realism, bourgeois, critical, surrealism, and so on. The traces of this literary school are also evident in the works of Iranian writers. Iran underwent fundamental political, social, and cultural changes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Therefore, literary movements in Iran have undergone important changes. Following the Constitutional Revolution, land reform, the entry of the printing industry, translation of literary works, etc., the language and style of writing in Iran changed. Folk, fluent, simple, and humorous language replaced the court and official language. Short stories, footnotes, and socio-historical novels replaced didactic literature and mystical theology.
Linguistics and Ancient Languages
janolah karimi Motahhar; Ahmad Ramezani
Abstract
Teaching different foreign languages and related literature has nearly started since establishing universities in Iran, but Linguistics Departments were developed nearly half a century ago. After a while, the syllabi were reviewed; new fields have been started, and a lot of works were published and thus ...
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Teaching different foreign languages and related literature has nearly started since establishing universities in Iran, but Linguistics Departments were developed nearly half a century ago. After a while, the syllabi were reviewed; new fields have been started, and a lot of works were published and thus the development of the studies happened. It is clear that due to the increase of the number of students (admission rate) and adding up the number of related works, reviewing and criticizing them could be useful. In this article, the ratio of the students in Linguistics and all foreign language studies to all other students was estimated. Then, the importance of reviewing the references in the fields of study was highlighted. Finally, some suggestions for a better academic development of Linguistics and foreign language studies will be mentioned.
Foreign Languages
Marzieh Yahyapour; Janolah Karimi-Motahhar; Tatiana Vladimirovna Maltsea
Abstract
Khayyam, a poet from the "saffron shores" with worldwide fame, is on the top of Russian poetry and literature because of his charming, thoughtful, and philosophical quatrains, along with other poets of the "ancient land" of Iran. The present article aims at introducing and criticizing the translations ...
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Khayyam, a poet from the "saffron shores" with worldwide fame, is on the top of Russian poetry and literature because of his charming, thoughtful, and philosophical quatrains, along with other poets of the "ancient land" of Iran. The present article aims at introducing and criticizing the translations of Khayyam’s quatrains into Russian and showing the influence of his poems and ideas on Russian translators and poets. Russian translators, Iranologists, diplomats, and poets played a significant role in introducing Khayyam to the Russian society. Book of poems of Toreverov, Chachikov, Surkov, Kedrin, Ivanov, Sannikov, Vinokurov, Plisetsky, Yesenin, and Gamzatov devoted some pages to Khayyam. Studies indicate that in addition to praising Khayyam, Russian poets sometimes began to express the idea of their work with a word from Khayyam as the epigraph of their poems. Studies indicate that for most thinkers, Khayyam’s quatrains are the source of inspiration for philosophical and mystical ideas and a source for saturating the spiritual void, understanding the "mysteries of eternity", solving the riddle of the "ancient world" and cosmology. Investigating the poems studied in the article indicate that Khayyam’s quatrains opened the mysterious doors of the universe to most Russian thinkers and readers and let them taste the wine of the universe, although some of them had different interpretations of Khayyam’s poems due to contradictions in his poems.
Foreign Languages
Liudmila Nikolaevna Korneeva; Marzieh Yahyapour; janolah karimi Motahhar
Abstract
In this article, first we will give a brief reference to the history of Sonnet Genre and the crown of sonnets and how it entered into Russian literature. then, we will referred to the origin of the sonnet in the world literature, and then in Russia. We will review the effect of the Minarets, a crown ...
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In this article, first we will give a brief reference to the history of Sonnet Genre and the crown of sonnets and how it entered into Russian literature. then, we will referred to the origin of the sonnet in the world literature, and then in Russia. We will review the effect of the Minarets, a crown of sonnets by Valery Mitrokhin, a poet from Crimea, that was founded on this basis. After Pushkin, the creator of the poetry Fountain of Bakhchisaray and the poem "To the Fountain of the Palace of the Bakhchisaray", in poems of the other Russian poets, Crimea's irreplaceable space, his talent, geopolitical sensibility and his love to Crimea are tangible. The traces of the poems of the Pushkin Bakhchisaray are also seen in Mitrokhin's Minarets. The main hemistichs of the "Minarets" of Mitrokhin are artistic reflection of the Pushkin Bakhchisaray. The main issue in the "Minarets" of Mitrokhin is the peaceful life of people with various and prevailing opinions about the religions in the Crimea. By using this kind of literature, he focuses on geopolitics. So by criticizing the "Minarets" of Valery Mitrokhin, we can conclude that he follows Pushkin's will and, like him, believes in maintaining unity among the peoples of the Crimea, and the historical and natural symbols of geopolitics of Crimea has influence on the creation of his sonnets.
Foreign Languages
Marzieh Yahyapour; Masoumeh Motamednia; Janolah Karimi Motahhar
Volume 18, Issue 8 , December 2018, , Pages 343-359
Abstract
In this article, while introducing Konstantin Balmont, the symbolist poet of the twentieth century of Russia, known as Poet Laureate in Russian literature, attention has been paid to his oriental themes in the context of the Russian Symbolist School. Balmont is one of the founders of the Russian Symbolist ...
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In this article, while introducing Konstantin Balmont, the symbolist poet of the twentieth century of Russia, known as Poet Laureate in Russian literature, attention has been paid to his oriental themes in the context of the Russian Symbolist School. Balmont is one of the founders of the Russian Symbolist School. The idea of divine religions, which means that only body of man is destroyed by the death and the man returns to God, is also the basis of Russian symbolism, which is frequently seen in Balmont's poetry. Then, the article deals with the origin and form of some of the eastern themes. The four elements (fire, water, earth, and air) are the main themes of Balmont's poems. Balmont was familiar with Iranian poets such as Mawlānā, Khaghani, and Hafez, and it seems that his poems have been composed of the elements by Persian poets. He tries to find "Shams" in this world under the influence of the Holy Quran, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the mystical Iranian-Oriental works, the Sufism of Hafez and Mawlānā, and the poems "Do not Forget: The Quran is the Book of Avoidance", "From there", "Star of the Desert", "Silence", "Jalal Al-Din Rumi", "advice", "Andalib", etc. based on the oriental themes and poems of Iranian poets. The themes that influenced the formation of the mystical and Sufi thoughts of the Russian poet and the poet's main attention are in the "world of existence" and the concept of "pre-existence and eternity".
Foreign Languages
janolah karimi Motahhar; Mehrnoush Shabani
Volume 16, Issue 41 , January 2017, , Pages 199-220
Abstract
Human’s aspirations and wishes have been always promising to the life and future because human without hope and wish is not able to continue the life. This is an intrinsic part of human life that has been appearing in the literature, too. In the play "The Seagull" which has been called the most ...
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Human’s aspirations and wishes have been always promising to the life and future because human without hope and wish is not able to continue the life. This is an intrinsic part of human life that has been appearing in the literature, too. In the play "The Seagull" which has been called the most personal art work of Chekhov, we faced to heroes who have high wishes and aspirations in their mind; they talk about their ideal very well and dream a better life, but do nothing to achieving the desired objectives. In this play, Chekhov also describes human beings who do not have the ability to face the truth and the life and accept their fate, but on the other hand, he describes heroes who by all the suffering and setbacks of life do not stop and find their way to happiness and victory.
Foreign Languages
janolah karimi Motahhar; Majid Rezaei
Volume 14, Issue 32 , February 2015, , Pages 101-112
Abstract
Among the works of Yevgeny Zamyatin, the novel “We” is of significant importance. The novel was authored in 1920, but was not published in the Soviet Union until the year 1988 due to its “anti-revolutionary” content.This article will first touch upon the topics discussed in the ...
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Among the works of Yevgeny Zamyatin, the novel “We” is of significant importance. The novel was authored in 1920, but was not published in the Soviet Union until the year 1988 due to its “anti-revolutionary” content.This article will first touch upon the topics discussed in the works of Zamyatin and will then provide the viewpoints of the author regarding the system of government in the Soviet Union after the October 1917 Revolution. In the novel “We”, Zamyatin provides a futuristic perspective of the Soviet Union thousands of years ahead and portrays the socio-political situation of the union in case the pledges made by the leaders and theoreticians of the Communist system are realized.The novel “We” by Zamyatin is a novel with a critical theme in which the author endeavors to bring to mind the impacts of submersion in materialistic affairs and failing to heed moral and human values.The image Zamyatin provides of the utopia drawn by the theoreticians of the Soviet system is one in which the people live an affluent lifestyle and enjoy equal welfare but are not prosperous in the absence of creativity and religious and human values. They feel confined by the world of materialism.
Foreign Languages
Marzieh Yahyapour; Zeinab Sahlabad; janolah karimi Motahhar
Volume 12, Issue 24 , April 2012, , Pages 97-116
Abstract
s article is about different features of resistance and mother land in Anna Akhmatova’s poets; a contemporary Russian poetess, and there are some hints about effective elements in her works and life which have special reflexes in her poems. Russia’s history in Stalin’s government has ...
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s article is about different features of resistance and mother land in Anna Akhmatova’s poets; a contemporary Russian poetess, and there are some hints about effective elements in her works and life which have special reflexes in her poems. Russia’s history in Stalin’s government has been reflected in Anna’s poems, mother land had effective tone in them; and has been changed into one of special symbols, so that love, family and life was meaningless without it. Her tragic fate was connected to bitter fate of her country in ‘horror government’ ages, the effects of hard life is obvious in her works.The article is about serving Anna’s some epic poems specially poems ‘Requiem’. In poems ‘Requiem’; epic poems were mixed with lyric ones. Poetess’s female mind is obvious in these poems, and epic changed into new and specific style by emotional female them. Epic was mixed with loneliness and sufferings but with resistance and hop.
